Import Export Company Setup

Importing is the process of bringing goods or services from foreign countries into the domestic market. Exporting is the opposite: selling domestically produced goods or services to foreign markets. In today’s globalized world, import and export activities have become much easier and faster. The growth of e-commerce, the development of digital infrastructures, and the expansion of logistics networks now offer small and medium-sized entrepreneurs opportunities to participate in international markets. With the right strategy, starting an import-export company can turn into a highly profitable venture.

Why Should You Start a Foreign Trade Company?

Foreign trade generates foreign currency income, provides high profit margins, and makes it possible to be less affected by domestic market fluctuations. Countries like Turkey, which have a strategic geographical position, can earn significant revenues from import and export by acting as distributors or intermediaries, even without being direct producers. Moreover, establishing an import-export company can eventually lead to increased brand value, opening international offices, and forming distribution networks abroad.

How to Choose the Right Company Type?

Entrepreneurs in Turkey who want to engage in import and export usually choose between a limited liability company or a joint stock company. A limited company can be established with just one person and requires a minimum capital of 10,000 TRY. It offers a more flexible structure for small to medium-sized businesses. A joint stock company is better suited for entrepreneurs who plan to receive investments or conduct large-scale trade and requires a minimum capital of 50,000 TRY. When selecting the type of company, you should consider your target business scale, investment plans, and tax implications.

Documents Required to Establish a Company

To set up an import-export company, an application must first be submitted to the Trade Registry Office. Required documents include the founders’ ID copies, notarized signature declarations, residence documents, rental agreement or property deed for the office, and the company’s articles of association containing information about activities and authorized persons. After submitting these documents, your company will be registered and given a trade registry number. Then, tax office registration, company stamp, SGK (social security) registration, and e-signature and financial seal processes are completed. These allow you to submit electronic declarations and conduct formal commercial transactions.

Taxation and Accounting Processes

Import-export companies are generally subject to VAT, corporate tax, and stamp duty. However, exports are VAT-exempt, which allows exporters to offer more competitive prices in international markets. Additionally, companies can claim VAT refunds, provided that their invoices and customs declarations are correctly and completely documented. To manage all these financial procedures efficiently, it’s crucial to work with a certified accountant experienced in foreign trade and taxation.

Compliance with Customs Regulations

Foreign trade transactions are highly regulated and monitored. Every product has a Harmonized System (HS) code, known in Turkey as GTIP (Gümrük Tarife İstatistik Pozisyonu). This code determines how the product is classified, what tax rates apply, and which documents are required during import or export. Using incorrect HS codes can lead to financial penalties and delays at customs. Therefore, it is highly recommended to work with a licensed customs broker. Some products may also require additional documentation such as CE certificates, certificates of origin, or health and quality inspection reports. Researching and preparing these in advance is essential for smooth operations.

Government Incentives for Exporters

The Turkish government offers various incentive programs to support companies that export. These include KOSGEB’s export support programs, the Ministry of Trade’s subsidies for international trade fairs and brand promotions, low-interest export loans from Eximbank, and market research grants for international expansion. To benefit from these supports, companies must meet eligibility criteria and complete online applications via official government platforms. Document management and follow-up are critical to the success of these applications.

Choosing Target Countries and Products

Before entering the import-export business, one of the most important steps is to identify your target countries and products. Each country has different import policies, customs tariffs, consumption behaviors, and market competition dynamics. You need to research whether there is demand for your product in the country you plan to export to. Likewise, when importing, it’s important to analyze the market demand and competitive landscape for the product in Turkey. B2B platforms, trade reports, and national import-export statistics can be used to conduct these analyses.

Logistics and Delivery Operations

In international trade, product transportation and delivery are critical parts of the process. Delivery terms are defined using international Incoterms such as EXW (Ex Works), FOB (Free on Board), CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight), and DDP (Delivered Duty Paid). The chosen delivery method directly affects pricing and cost calculation. Shipping costs, insurance, warehouse handling, and customs clearance should all be considered in the planning process. The reliability of logistics partners is crucial. Timely and intact delivery of products increases customer satisfaction and boosts repeat orders.

Payment Methods and Trade Security

In international trade, the most common payment methods include letters of credit (L/C), advance payment, documents against payment (D/P), and open account transactions. New companies usually prefer advance payment or D/P methods, which offer a balance between risk and security. Letters of credit, while more complex, offer higher security as banks guarantee the payment process. As trust is built between buyer and seller, open account terms may be introduced for long-term partnerships. However, in all cases, companies should use trade agreements, legal contracts, and insurance to protect against payment defaults and risks.

E-Export and Micro Export

In recent years, the concept of e-export has grown rapidly, enabling direct sales to end customers via digital platforms. In this model, the Electronic Commerce Customs Declaration (ETGB) simplifies customs procedures and allows VAT-free sales. Shipments weighing under 300 kg and valued under 15,000 EUR are classified as micro exports, making them easier and faster to process. E-export is especially popular in sectors such as fashion, accessories, handmade products, digital goods, and software. It requires a robust digital presence and the use of marketplaces or standalone e-commerce websites.

Digital Infrastructure and Branding

To be sustainable in foreign trade, every business must build a strong digital presence. A professional website, multilingual catalogs, business email addresses, product documentation, and active social media profiles are essential for trust and credibility. For B2B exporters, platforms like LinkedIn and email marketing are important tools for customer acquisition. Using SEO strategies, Google Ads, social media campaigns, and targeted content can increase visibility in international markets. Also, obtaining international quality certifications enhances trust and helps position your brand competitively abroad.