Exporting goods to the United Kingdom requires compliance with several international trade regulations. One of the most critical requirements is obtaining an EORI number (Economic Operators Registration and Identification number). Without an EORI number, companies and individuals cannot clear goods through customs, which means their shipments can be delayed, held, or even rejected. This guide will explain in detail what an EORI number is, why it is necessary, how to obtain it, and how exporters can efficiently use it for trade with the UK.

What is an EORI Number?

The EORI number is a unique identification number assigned to businesses and individuals that engage in import and export activities within or outside the European Union (EU) and the UK. It is used by customs authorities to track shipments, control goods crossing borders, and maintain transparency in trade operations.

In the EU, an EORI number begins with the country code (e.g., DE for Germany, FR for France).
In the UK, after Brexit, companies must obtain a UK-specific EORI number starting with GB to move goods into or out of the country.

Essentially, the EORI number acts like a passport for your business in the world of customs and international trade.

Why Do You Need an EORI Number for Export to the UK?

Since the UK left the EU, customs formalities became mandatory for trade between the EU and the UK. If you plan to export products to the UK, having an EORI number is essential for the following reasons:

Customs Clearance: Customs authorities require the EORI number to process export and import declarations.
Avoiding Delays: Without it, shipments can be held at ports and delivery can be significantly delayed.
Legal Compliance: It ensures your business complies with UK and EU customs regulations.
Smooth Logistics: Shipping companies, freight forwarders, and couriers often ask for the EORI number before moving goods across borders.
Access to Trade Systems: It allows companies to use electronic customs systems to file declarations and track shipments.

Types of EORI Numbers

When exporting to the UK, there are two main types of EORI numbers to be aware of:

UK EORI Number (GB): Required for customs activities in the United Kingdom.
EU EORI Number: Required for customs activities in EU member states.

If you are based in the EU and exporting to the UK, you usually need both numbers—one for customs declarations in the EU and another for clearance in the UK.

Who Needs an EORI Number?

Exporters and Importers: Any company or individual sending goods to or receiving goods from the UK.
Freight Forwarders and Customs Agents: Businesses that handle customs paperwork.
Online Sellers and E-commerce Platforms: Sellers on platforms like Amazon, Etsy, or eBay who ship products to UK customers.
Logistics Providers: Companies responsible for warehousing, packaging, and distribution.

In short, anyone engaged in the physical movement of goods across the UK border will need an EORI number.

How to Apply for an EORI Number in the UK

The UK government has made the process straightforward, and applications are submitted online through the HMRC (Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs) portal.

Step 1: Check if You Already Have One

Before applying, check whether your business already has an EORI number. Many companies obtained one automatically after Brexit.

Step 2: Gather Required Information

To apply, you will need:

Business name and legal entity details.
VAT registration number (if applicable).
National Insurance number (for individuals).
Unique Taxpayer Reference (UTR) for UK businesses.
Company registration details.

Step 3: Apply Online

Visit the UK Government website and complete the online application.
The form requires details about your business, including type of activity and nature of trade.

Step 4: Receive Your EORI Number

Most applications are processed within 3 working days.
You will receive your number via email.

Step 5: Use Your EORI Number in Customs Declarations

Provide it whenever goods are shipped to or from the UK.
Ensure freight forwarders and customs agents include it in documentation.

EORI Numbers for Non-UK Businesses

If your business is outside the UK but you export goods there, you will still need a UK EORI number. For example:

An EU-based company selling clothing to UK retailers must apply for a GB EORI number.
A non-EU business shipping products directly to UK customers must also apply.

This ensures goods can pass through customs smoothly without being stuck at UK ports.

Common Mistakes in EORI Applications

Many exporters face delays due to avoidable mistakes during the application process. The most common errors include:

Submitting incomplete or incorrect information.
Applying for the wrong type of EORI number (EU instead of UK).
Not updating business details (address, VAT number) after changes.
Forgetting to provide the EORI number to logistics providers.

To avoid these issues, double-check your details before submission and keep your records updated.

How Long is an EORI Number Valid?

Once assigned, an EORI number remains valid indefinitely unless your business details change. If you change your company name, structure, or VAT status, you may need to update the number with HMRC.

Costs of Getting an EORI Number

Applying for an EORI number is free of charge. However, businesses may incur additional costs if they hire customs agents or consultants to handle the process.

The Role of EORI in Post-Brexit Trade

Brexit fundamentally changed how businesses trade between the EU and UK. With customs declarations and border checks now mandatory, the EORI number has become the backbone of export procedures. It is not just a formal requirement; it ensures smoother, faster, and legally compliant trade across borders.

Using EORI for E-commerce Exports to the UK

With the rise of online marketplaces, many e-commerce sellers face customs requirements for the first time. For example:

Amazon FBA Sellers: Amazon requires an EORI number for sellers storing or shipping goods in the UK.
Etsy and eBay Sellers: Individual sellers sending products regularly to UK customers must also register.

This means even small businesses and individual artisans need to follow customs compliance rules.

Tips for Smooth Export to the UK with EORI

Apply well in advance before starting exports.
Keep both your UK and EU EORI numbers ready if you operate in both regions.
Always communicate your EORI number to your customs broker or freight forwarder.
Store your EORI details securely and share them with only trusted parties.
Regularly review HMRC updates, as post-Brexit trade regulations may evolve.

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